task 3A

Framing:

• macro - photography producing photographs of small items larger than life size.
• landscape - Landscape photography shows spaces within the world, sometimes vast and unending, but other times microscopic. Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature but can also focus on man-made features or disturbances of landscapes
• portrait -Portrait photography or portraiture in photography is a photograph of a person or group of people that captures the personality of the subject by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses.

• Distance: In optics and photography, hyperfocal distance is a distance beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus.

• close up - A close up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots (cinematic techniques).
• long shot - In photography, filmmaking and video production, a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or, and to remove ambiguity, wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.

Angle:

• high - A high-angle shot is a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up." ... In film, they can make the scene more dramatic. If there is a person at high elevation who is talking to someone below them, this shot is often used.
• low - In cinematography, a low-angle shot, is a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up. ... Psychologically, the effect of the low-angle shot is that it makes the subject look strong and powerful
• canted - The Dutch angle, also known as Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle, is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame. This produces a viewpoint akin to tilting one's head to the side.

• wide - In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane. ... In cinematography, a lens of roughly twice the diagonal is considered "normal".

Level:

• high - Elevated photography is the process of taking aerial photos using a telescoping pole or mast, or other aerial or elevated support systems, to emulate aerial photographs, or video, taken from a commercially licensed aircraft. ... Elevated photography is also commonly known as high-level photography and mast photography.
• low - Low Level shots are basically the same as Low angle shots.

composition:

• rule of thirds - The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. ... The horizon sits at the horizontal line dividing the lower third of the photo from the upper two-thirds.
• foreground - The foreground is the opposite of the background, which is the part of a photograph, painting, or scene that's farthest away from you. Some photographers tend to focus sharply on the foreground while letting the rest of the picture go blurry.

• background -  In photography the background is the part of the overall scene. It’s behind the main subject of the photograph. Proper design and use is crucial to photographic success. Recent trends minimise backgrounds, where possible, to focus on the main subject. Designs try to reduce clutter and distraction to avoid drawing the eye from the subject.

Focus:

• depth of field - Depth of field definition. As a result, depth of field (DoF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be “acceptably sharp” in an image. The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit.
• sharp - Sharp means that details have crisp, sharp edges. For example, take a piece of paper and tear it in half. The edge will be soft and woolly. Now take a razor blade and cut the paper. The edges of the cut will be clean and well-defined. Just as the edge of the razor blade itself is sharp. This is done through focus and lens quality to reinsure the image is sharp and clear.

• soft - In photography, soft focus is a lens flaw, in which the lens forms images that are blurred due to spherical aberration. ... Soft focus is also the name of the style of photograph produced by such a lens.

Zoom:

• digital - Digital photography is a form of photography that uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film.
• analogue - Analog photography is photography that uses a progressively changing recording medium, which may be either chemical process based or electronic. For more than a hundred years, this was the only kind.
• optical - A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.